Antimicrobial Resistance Profile and Molecular Characterization of Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase Genes in Enterobacteria Isolated from Human, Animal and Environment

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the antibiotic resistance profile and characterize extended spectrum beta-lactamase gene of enterobacteria strains isolated from human biological products, fecal matter of animals and the environment.

Materials and Methods: Enterobacteria producing ESBL strains were isolated from human products, fecal matter of healthy animals (cattle, sheep and pigs) intended for human consumption and environment (hospital effluents and municipal sewage) using homemade medium (Drigalski supplemented with 2 mg/L of ceftazidime). Resistance to beta-lactams has been evaluated by the diffusion method was carried out as recommended by NCCLS. Characterization of Beta-Lactamase resistance genes (blaCTXM, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaGES, blaPER and blaVEB) was performed by simplex and multiplex PCR.

Results: The strains were resistant to antibiotics from beta-lactam family (penicillin with inhibitor, monobactam, cephalosporin) but no resistant was observed to carbapenem (imipénème, méropénème). All resistance genes were identified in environment strains.

Conclusion: This study showed the presence of common beta-lactam resistance genes (blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M) to human, animal and environment. The risk of dissemination and circulation of ESBL enterobacteria between animals, humans and the environment exists in Ivory Coast because of the absence of a barrier between them.