Antibacterial Activity and Biotechnological Potential of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Seaweed

Seaweeds are indeed fascinating and diverse organisms found in coastal areas around the world. They play a significant role in marine ecosystems and have various uses for both humans and other marine life. They are categorized into three main groups based on coloration: red, green, and brown seaweeds. Each group has its unique characteristics and uses. Endophytic bacteria are significant contributors to the plant microbiome and are essential for the survival, development, and growth of the plant. Seaweed samples are collected and selected based on their morphology and colour. After the collection of seaweed they are cultured in TSA agar plates to obtain pure colonies. This method is usually done for the isolation of endophytic bacteria. Gram staining procedure are done to study about the morphological characteristics of the isolated bacteria. Followed by gram staining bacterial confirmation test is performed for the rapid and certain bacterial identification. Antimicrobial analysis is performed and the zone of inhibition is measured. The isolated bacteria are inoculated into the culture to produce PHB. The Sudan Black B staining method is used to detect the presence of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules in bacterial cells. Amylolytic and Proteolytic activity is also done. FTIR analysis is performed to analyze the chemical composition of substances by measuring their infrared absorption spectra. The study states that the maximum zone of inhibition of E.coli and S.aureus is 17mm and 15mm. The PHB production using endophytic fungi from seaweed was found to produce PHB up to 900 mg of its dry cell weight.